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懷孕期的體重過輕或過重,同樣需要關注
懷孕期體重管理是母嬰健康的重要一環。體重增加過多或過少,都會對準媽媽及胎兒帶來不同風險。
◆ 體重增加過多的影響
增加患上妊娠糖尿病、妊娠高血壓及子癇前症的風險,亦提高巨嬰、剖腹生產及產後出血的機會。研究顯示,這些情況會增加子女日後患上肥胖及二型糖尿病的風險。
◆ 體重增加不足的影響
可能導致胎兒生長遲緩、出生體重過低及早產,影響嬰兒長遠的生長發育。
◆ 適當的體重增幅
建議增幅須根據懷孕前的體質指數(BMI)而定:
產前體重正常女性的全孕期一般建議增加約 11.5 至 16 公斤 (約25至35磅)。產前已超重或肥胖女性,增幅應較少;產前體重過輕者,則可能需要較多。實際目標應由醫護人員個別評估及建議。
◆ 飲食與監察
孕期重點在於營養均衡,而非單純增加分量,不是要「一個人食兩份」,而是「食得好」。建議攝取足夠的優質蛋白質、葉酸、鐵質及鈣質,並控制高糖及高脂食物。定期產檢有助監察體重、血糖及血壓變化。
每位準媽媽的情況各有不同,建議與醫護人員保持溝通,制定合適的體重管理計劃,為母嬰健康打好基礎。